Analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents: A case study of Fars Province, Iran / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future.@*METHODS@#This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21, 2013 to March 20, 2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as Legal Medicine Organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-provoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdependence of each one in road accidents identified and introduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software.@*RESULTS@#Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19-40 years) with secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab-Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortality rates. Among women, the middle-aged group (aged 41-65 years) followed by young-aged group (aged 19-40 years) with elementary educational level and then illiterate accounted for the highest mortality rate of road traffic accidents. The automobiles involved in accidents included Pride, Peugeot 405, Peykan pickup, Samand, Peugeot Pars, other vehicles and motorcycles.@*CONCLUSION@#The high mortality rate of illiterate and low-literate in various age groups indicates that educational level plays a crucial role as a factor in road accidents, requiring related organizations such as Traffic Police and Ministry of Education to take necessary measures and policies.

The necessity of development and implementation of twins registry in Iran

Introduction: In the last three decades, national twins registries have been developed throughout the world with the aim of studying unique genetic characteristics and the possibility of determining the genotypic effects. This structured information can provide new vision in relation to the causes of diseases and psychological disorders

Method: In this analytic review, all active twins registries around the world were identified and their properties were examined by researchers. Additionally, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases were searched based on our search strategy. Finally, 69 articles related to the aim of study were selected

Results: Thirty founded national twins registries were analyzed in terms of the country, the goal and type of study, time of foundation, methods for information gathering, biobank samples, outcomes and unique characteristics

Conclusion: Considering the valuable results of twins registries in other countries, high potential of production of scientific documents and obtaining valid results and on the other hand, and the presence of more than 1,300,000 existing twins in Iran, developing a national Iranian twins registry and creating a biobank could be lead to creating one of the biggest national twins registries in the world. This, in turn, could be resulted in producing scientific publications in relation to the identification of cause of different diseases and mental disorders

Burden of traffic accidents among pedestrians of Fars province, southern Iran; estimate of years of life lost in a sample of Iranian population from 2009 to 2013 / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>Traffic injuries are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pedestrians have been considered as a high-risk group among road users, especially in middle- or low-income communities. This study attempted to determine the burden of pedestrians' fatalities in Fars, the southern province of Iran using years of life lost (YLL) approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data used in this study were retrieved from Fars Forensic Medicine Organization database on pedestrian traffic accidents. The YLL from 2009 to 2013 was estimated using the method presented by World Health organization. Some epidemiological characteristics of pedestrians' fatalities were analyzed by SPSS.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Although YLL among 1000 male pedestrians decreased from 2.5 in 2009 to 1.5 in 2013, it increased from 0.9 to 2.1 among 1000 females during the same period. Higher proportion of death was found in female, illiterate, and married pedestrians (p < 0.001). In addition, mortality was higher in pedestrians living the cities, during daytime, at home, and in hospitals (p < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Consistent with the global trends, burden of pedestrian accidents in Fars was also exceptionally high. Considering the national and cultural aspects of different countries, improving the safety of pedestrians demands a multi-dimensional approach with interventional factors concerning policies, rules, pedestrians, motor vehicles and environmental conditions taken into consideration.</p>

Exploration the supportive needs and coping behaviors of daughter and daughter in-law caregivers of stroke survivors, shiraz-lran: a qualitative content analysis

The period of hospital stay and the first month after discharge have been found to be the most problematic stages for family caregivers of stroke survivors. It is just at home that patients and caregivers actually understand the whole consequences of the stroke. The adult offspring often have more different needs and concerns than spousal caregivers. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the needs of this particular group of caregivers. Therefore, this qualitative content analysis study aimed to explore the supportive needs and coping behaviors of daughter and daughter in-law caregivers [DILs] of stroke survivors one month after the patient's discharge from the hospital in Shiraz, Southern of Iran. This is a qualitative content analysis study using semi-structured and in-depth interviews with a purposive sampling of seventeen daughter and daughter in-law caregivers. The data revealed seven major themes including information and training, financial support, home health care assistance need, self-care support need, adjusting with the cultural obligation in providing care for a parent in-law, and need for improving quality of hospital care. Also, data from the interview showed that daughter and daughter in-law caregivers mostly used emotional-oriented coping strategies, specially religiosity, to cope with their needs and problems in their care-giving role. The results of this qualitative study revealed that family caregivers have several unmet needs in their care-giving role. By providing individualized information and support, we can prepare these family caregivers to better cope with the home care needs of stroke survivors and regain control over aspects of life

DFT and molecular docking studies on biological active acridines: the interaction with bovine serum albumin

Acridine derivatives, especially 1,8-dioxo-9-aryl-decahydroacridine represent significant scaffolds in medicinal chemistry. Given the biological properties of such products which are used in drug development, they need to have appropriate carrier. Proteins are generally used as helpful tools in drug delivery. Consequently, molecular docking between these compounds and bovine serum albumin [BSA] has been taken into account. Furthermore, in order to achieve better results, the suggested compounds have been optimized using Gaussian 03 software

[Workplace violence against clinical workers in Tabriz educational hospitals]

Workplace violence is one of the most complex and dangerous occupational hazards facing nurses working in today's health care environment and it has been noted that workplace violence most frequently occurs in hospitals .The purpose of this study was to assess the situation of workplace violence committed against healthcare workers in Tabriz. It was a descriptive, cross- sectional study. Clinical personel [n 400] of Tabriz educational hospitals [%13 of study population] were recruited by cluster sampling of hospitals, and randomly selection of one cluster in each group [seven hospitals were selected] considering their position. Data was collected using a questionnaire through face- to- face interviews and analyzed by logistic regression using SPSS-PC [v.16]. Twenty-one percent and 64.3 percent of workers reported experiencing physical and verbal workplace violence during the last year respectively. The frequency of reported violence was%23.6. There was a strong correlation between physical and verbal violence [p<0.001].Avoidance of reporting violence was occurred because of shrug violence off [%31.9] or to be known as an offending or problematic person [%18.9]. Men had more chance to confront with violence than women [CI: 0.26-0.82, p<0.009]. Performing some measures such as educational courses about prevention of violence, repression of the opponent's anger explanation of rules and regulations for workers and clients are recommended

effect of educational intervention on the knowledge and participation of administrative health personnel in colorectal cancer screening program at Shiraz university of medical sciences Shiraz 2003

Health care providers play an important role in planning and implementing policies to improve health behavior in the general population and increase participation in screening programs for early detection of cancer. This study was conducted to examine the effect of education on knowledge and the rate of participation of official administrative personnel with average risk for colorectal cancer, [age> 40 years], in colorectal cancer screening program at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In the first stage of the research, 156 subjects were selected based on predefined criteria using a questionnaire. They were then randomly divided in two groups, experimental and control groups with 78 subjects in each group. Demographic data, level of knowledge, willingness and perceived barriers to participate in screening programs were examined via two separate questionnaires. They were also asked to give stool samples to test for occult blood. In the second stage of the research, the intervention program, [based on health belief model] was conducted for the experimental group. An educational booklet and necessary information regarding colorectal cancer and screening programs were provided to them in two to three sessions. All subjects were asked to submit the stool samples to the laboratory for occult blood test; if a subject did not comply, a reminder was sent to him/her. In the third stage, knowkdge, [post-test] and the rate of subjects' participation in the screening program was analyzed. The results of the study revealed that most people are not interested in colorectal tests. Reasons given for disinclination for occult blood test and colonoscopy were lack of time and feeling healthy, respectively. Knowledge in both experimental and control groups regarding colorectal cancer was improved, this improvement was significantly higher in the experimental group, [p<0.001]. Furthermore, participation of the experimental group in the screening program was significantly higher than that of the control group [p<0.001]. Educating the subjects regarding colorectal cancer and sending reminders regarding stool tests may result in an increase in the knowledge and participation of subjects in screening programs for colorectal cancer

Targetry for cyclotron production of no carrier-added cadmium- 109 from natAg[p, n] 109 Cd reaction

Solid targets that consist of powder and electrodeposited targets are used commonly to produce radionuclides by accelerators. Since silver is easily electrodeposited in cyanide baths and has a very excellent thermal conductivity, the electrodeposited target is preferable to produce [109] Cd. To avoid cracking of peeling of the target during bombardment, it should have a level surface and a good adhesion to substrate. Hence, suitable targetry has extraordinary importance for the interested radionuclide production. Excitation function of cadmium-109 via [nat] Ag [p,n][109] Cd reaction was investigated by using ALICE-91 code. The required thickness of the silver deposit was calculated by SRIM code. Theoretical yield was calculated by means of Simpson numerical integral method. Silver was electrodeposited on copper backing by the cyanide bath. The prepared targets were examined with morphology and thermal shock tests. The most favorable beam energy was determined as 15 MeV. The desired thickness was determined to be up to 48 micro m; the theoretical calculated yield was 2.69 micro Ci/ micro A.h. Scanning electron microscope [SEM] potomicrographs and thermal shock tests represented excellent quality of the electrodeposited target. The present study suggested a good potentiality of cadmium-109 production by induced proton on electrodeposited silver targets

[Effect of education on nurses' knowledge and performance regarding AIDS in emergency departments of hospitals affliated to Shiraz university of medical sciences [SUMS]]

Emergency department personnel are at a great risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens such as Hepatitis B virus [HBV] and human immunodeficiency virus /AIDS because of their frequent contacts with blood, unknown status of patients and performing invasive procedures. However, studies have shown that Emergency Department [ED] personnel have a very low rate of compliance with universal precautions [UP]. The present study was designed to examine the effect of education on knowledge and performance of nurses regarding AIDS in emergency departments of hospitals affiliated to Shiraz university of medical science in 2008. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample of 120 licensee nurses drawn from emergency departments [12 wards] of hospitals affliated to Shiraz University of Medical sciences including hospitals of Nemazi, Martyr Faghihi, and Chamran. The intervention was .three one-day training workshops presenting through lectures and group discussion methods. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to assess nurses' knowledge, in three occasions: three months prior to intervention, immediately after and one month after the intervention. Compliance with UP was measured through observation which was recorded by 10 items. One-way analysis of variance and paired /-test was used to assess nurses' knowledge. To compare differences between their compliance and performance of UP, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, one-way analysis of variance and paired t-test were used. It was revealed that knowledge of personnel significantly increased immediately and one months after the intervention [p=0.0001]. Mean of nurses knowledge' scores increased from 44.95 +/- 6.62 before training to 57.09 +/- 9.14 immediately and 54.36 +/- 14.32 one month after education [p=0.0001]. Partcipants' compliance with universal precautions procedures after edcational workshops was significantly different with before [P=0.0001] in the way, rates of using gloves was improved from 71.6% to 98.3% and 75% to 99.1% for handwashing after taking care of patients, 53.3% to 83% for wearing mask, 78.3% to 87.5% for not using needle cutter. The training session significantly improved the nurses' knowledge and implementation of universal precautions in emergency departments. It is recommended to provide basic educational seminars and workshops on universal precautions for healthcare workers. Helathcare institutes should also supply materials needed to protect staffs against the risk of acquiring blood born infection in the course of providing health services to their patients

long-term immunity among health care workers vaccinated against hepatitis B virus in a large referral hospital in southern Iran

Health care workers are at increased risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection. Reassessment for revaccination of such high-risk persons after 10 years may be appropriate if anti-HBs antibody titers declined below 10 mIU/mL. This study was conducted to evaluate the long-term efficacy of HBV vaccine in health care workers and the need for their reassessment for revaccination. We interviewed 600 health care workers in a referral hospital in Shiraz, southern Iran. They were asked to complete a confidential questionnaire including information on their age, gender, vaccination date, number of doses of vaccine, their job description in hospital, previous history of needlestick injury, and educational level. Anti-HBs antibodies were determined by the ELISA method and titers of >10 mIU/mL were considered protective. Those with a positive HBsAg or anti-HBcAb were excluded from the study. Among 600 health care workers interviewed, 339 subjects who accepted to participate in the study, were vaccinated with three doses of HBV vaccine. Anti-HBsAb titers were >100 mlU/mL in 211 subjects [62.2%], 10 - 100 mlU/mL in 85 [25.1%], and <10 mIU/mL in 43 [12.7%] persons. Among 339 subjects who received three doses of vaccine, 273 were vaccinated less than 5 years, 47 cases between 5 - 10 years, and 19 cases were vaccinated more than 10 years before the study. The majority of them had an antibody concentration above the protective level [88.1%, 88.9%, and 60.9%, respectively, P = 0.001]. Reassessment for revaccination in health care workers should be considered according to their anti-HBsAb levels 10 years after vaccination. In our health care workers, we think that due to the existence of low immunity against HBV, reassessment for revaccination after 10 years is mandatory